malloby



H. C. MALLORY ENGINE COOLING SYSTEM Dec. 6, 1927.

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Filed July 22, 1921 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Bly/WCM@ S A TTU/ENE Y Patented Dec. 6, 1927.

` UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HARRY o. MALLoRY, 0F NEW YORK, N. Y.; SUE u. MALLORY ADMINISTRATRIX 0F SAID HARRY o. MALLORY, DECEAsEp.

ENGINE-COOLING SYSTEM.

Application led July 22,

Y My present invention consists in an improved method of and apparatus for cooling especially devised for use in cooling the cylinders of internal combustion engines used on automobiles, aeroplanes andthe like. The general object of my present invention is to provide an Aelective method of and apparatus for the purpose saeciied characterized by the provisions mac e for obtaining a forced iiow or circulation ot cooling liquid through the engine cooling jacket or other cooling receptacle under conditions tending to eliminate orminimize the formation of air and vapor pockets in the jacket, and for vaporizing a portion of the cooling liquid outside of the jacket, and il'or dissipating the necessary heat in a condenser in which the vapor produced is condensed. Preterably the circulation through the jacket is .regulated by varying the temperature, or rate oit ioW, or both temperature and rate ol flow ot the cooling liquid entering the jacket so as to maintain an approximately constant temperature in the upper and hottest portion of the latter notwithstanding variations in load or the temperature of the external atmosphere. l

In a preferred mode of carrying out the `invention I pass both the vapor generated and the portion ot the cooling liquid not vaporized directly into the condenser trom the hot well ot which lthe mixture of unvaporized liquid and liquid of condensation are returned to the jacket by a suitable circulating pump, and maintain a liquid pressure in the jacket appreciably higherl than the pressure maintained in the condenser so that j when the pressure of the liquid is reduced in its passage trom the jacket to the condenser a portion oi' the 1liquid bursts into vapor. Advantageously I provide automatic means ior regulating the circulation so as to main- .tain the desired approximately constant temperature at the top ot the jacket. This may be accomplished, -for example, by a thermostatic regulation of the pressure in the condenser to thereby increase or decrease the temperature of the Water returned to the jacket from the condenser' as required to maintain the desired temperature in the jacket.

In an alternative method ot regulation, I vary the rate at which liquid is passed lthrough the jacket or cooling space as re` 1921. Serial N0. 486,685.

may be obtained, for example, by means of a thermostatically controlled by-pass about the pump employed to force the Water through the jacket.

The various features of novelty which characterize my invention are pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed to and forming a part of this specification. For a better understanding oit' the invention, however, and the advantages possessed by 1t, reference should be had to the accompanying drawings and descriptive matter in which I have illustrated and described a preferred embodiment of my invention.

Of the drawings: Y

Fig. l is an elevation With parts broken away and in section of an automobile engine equipped with my improved cooling system.

Fig. 2 is a section on the line 2-2 of Fig. l;

Fig. 3 is a sectional elevation of a portion of the piping and control mechanism employed in Fig. 1;

-Fig. 4 is an elevation of a system having a modified form of automobile temperature control; and

Fig. 5 is a sectional elevation showing a porltion of the apparatus of Fig. 4 on a larger sca e.

In the apparatus shown in Figs. l, 2 and 3, A represents the cooling liquid jacket for the cylinders A5 of an ordinary internal ice plate b is bolted between the adjacent flanged end portions of the piping sections B and B2. As shown the nozzle B2' is pyramidal in form and opens into the t-op chamber C2 of the condenser C.

The condenser C is shown as comprising a group of horizontally disposed condensing "ing a central orifice b. As shown the orimet i" tubes C' expended et their ends and con- '-denser to orovide steam.distributino` und' the bank ot' tubes C and serves to, divert-v Water tiow chennels C3 errtcricliingl vertically downward 'trom .the chamber C2 to. the chemberC-3. "A btiie C5 covers the top ot the unvuporized liquid und vepor entering the condenser trom thenozzle B2 to the chunnelsC3. Advantageously ruin plates Us are errangedjvvithinthe ot' tubes is shown to divert Weten-,of condensation termed m vthe intertube Vspace above these ruin plates into the channels G3.

D represents the outlet pipe for liquid running from the hot wall space C4 of the condenser to the inlet ot the circulating;

pump l.A 'llieoutlet from the lutter is connected by o pipe D to the joclzet'inlet A. Advantegeously .the pipe D comprises u goose neck portion extending to the top of the jacketend connectednt its top by' e.` vontpipelT which runs to theicondenser und contains a, non-return valve F permitting' flow through the pipe F trom the condenser into the Ji De D but reventino i'lorv in the l P a opposite direuction. The purpose of the goose neck und vent Lconnection described is to ,prevent the jacket ilV from draining into the hot Well of the condenser when the circulating pump stops. .Thispurpose muy be accom plished also by the use of e check vulve DU' inthe pipe D as shown in Fig. 4. The circulating pump, which maybe of the rotary type commonly employed es circulating` device in liquid cooling systems, muy be driventrom the engine shaft by the reduo tion gear E which, through the belt VG. also drives a! tun G for drajying air through theopen ended tubes C.

ln the constructions illustrated roir is Withdrawn from the condenser by means of enV air pipe H running from the condenser to the suction intake manifold A? ot theongine or other air exhaustingr device capable of exertingthe desired suction on the pipe H. is `shovrn the -pipe Hv extends into the vcondenser and `is provided within the' letter With an oriticell at its underside through which Azii-r may pass out of the condenser' butinto which -Wuter otcondensution will not fell. The pipe H moyinclude en oir valve l preventing' the outflow oi". :stean'i und Water While permitting the escape ol nir from the condenser through the pipe H.

ln the appare-tus shownin Figsgh 2 und shell. ilrlounted u'ithin'this shell unil u. inguwlth the lutter to form :r .*uporixoble Hpipe section li und swept by the liquid plus ing out of the jucket to the coudeiufer. 'Vlie mechunism l comprises u ruud entered liquid container is u bellows l huriugr ils upper end closed und connected to the upper endl oil' the vvoire member il? 'lfhe lower end-of the rod J2 is guided by u sleeve member l@ threudcd into un uunulu' menu berlthuving u tien-.ge clamped lic-turco the pipe section B und the tubular coupl"uurl lil by which the valve cusiugr J ruoclwumilly connected to the pipersectiou l. he :lucro )ring ojo/.l

KF 'forms the lower ubutn'ieut for u sj K3 interposed between it und the llo. upper end of the rod tlg. ily udjuf` sleeve K5 in the thrcuded iiieiuber li". tension of the spring' l@ muy bc udjustfl.

Gpenings li? in the coupling port lf iermit oi' the adjustment ol the port o. with the apparatus assembled, but iu ,f crurul this adjustment should be etlecterl iii the shop ratherlthon in the field.

ln theoperation of the uppurutuf-t shown in 1, 2 und 3, the cooling liwfuid is forced into the jacket from the hot Well ot the condenser ut u rute depei'ulcuit upon the capacity otthe pump und the speed ol operation of the engine. '.lhe pressure ol the liquid'leaving);` the jacket through the outlet A2 is reduced :is the liofuid pus-sos through the piping B, B und li?, the hull: ol tiu` pressure drop occurring;- :rt the oriicc o in the purtieulur couslrlutiou illuslruteil. TWhen this reduction in pressure occurs u portion ot the liquid. when hosted :is it will be in normal operation, is converted into vupor, und the unvuporized residue ot the liouid is cooled to the tempcruture correr-quinding to the temperature ol the suturrued vu" por of the liquid :it the pressure muiutuiucrl in the condenser. The amount of liquid couvertedinto fupor will depend, oil course. ou

v.the difference between the temper-uturcr o l' the liquid leavingr the jacket und the truiperriture of saturated vapor of the liquid at the pressure inthe condenser. .in ini-crease or decrease in temperature oi the liqloo jacket and the temperature of saturated va` por of the liquid at the pressure in the condenser. The effect of the operation of the thermostaty K, therefore, is the increasing vor decreasing of the portion of the cooling of steam'and liquid discharge into the con denser. The liquid and vapor entering the condenser C are directed fromthe chamber C2 thereof into the channels C2 from which the vapor passesinto the intertube space of the condenser and is condensed, whilethe unvaporized liquid entering the top of the channels C2 passes through the `latter into the hot well G2 into which the liquid of condensation formed kin the condenser eventuallyaccumulates andofrom which the mixture of unvaporized liquid entering the condenserI and` liquid of condensation formed therein is returned to the jacket.

The temperature which the thermostatic valve mechanism K is set. to maintain in normal operation will ordinarily he somewhere `between. 150 and 1900 F. though a temperature higher or lower than this range` lcan be maintained if considered necessary and in particular a temperature above 2120 may be employed if desirable. vWhen the temperature of the liquid leaving the jacket is below that at which the thermostatic device K holds the valve member J 2 in its closed position, the pressure in the condenser will be that of the atmosphere andpractically none of the cooling liquid leaving the jacketA will be converted into vapor unless `the thermostatic device K is adjusted to respond to a temperature above 2120. When the apparatus thus operates without vapor generation and condensation the cooling liquid will be returned to the jacket from the condenser hot well at a tempera-ture but little below that at which it leaves the jacket. As soon, however, as the temperature of the cooling liquid leaving the jacket rises so as to cause the thermostatic device K to move the valve member J2 against its seat, air will be exhausted from the condenser through the air line H, and the pressure in the condenser will be correspondingly lowered. With this reduction in the condenser pressure a por- `tion of the cooling liquid will be converted `liquid when it leaves the jacket, and in the `located in the thoroughfarey B11.

preferred contemplated operation ofthe apparatus disclosed the thermostatic device l K increases and decreases the pressure in the condenser, and correspondingly decreases and increases the temperature of the water passing from the condenser to the jacket as required to maintain the desired temperature ofthe cooling'y water at the jacket outlet A2.. The fact that with my invention the water passing through the condenser is subjected to but a relatively small cooling actionwhen the valve J2 is off its seat, tends to aV quick heating up of the cooling liquid in starting the engine which is especiallydesirable` iny cold weather.

ln the modified form of my invention illustrated in Figs. 4: and 5 the pipe section B first described, is replaced by a valve casing B10 comprising a chamber B11 form! ing a thoroughfare between the pipe sections B and B2 and a second chamber B12 connected to the chamber B11 by the valve seatedfport B111` The chamber B12 in con` junction with a pipe B11, forms a by-pass about the condenser and the expansion nozzlelsection to the inlet side of the pump. The flow through the by-pass is controlled by a valve member K11 carried by an expansible bellows thermostatic element K'0 ln the particular construction 4shown a stem K12 connects the valve member K11 to the end of a bellows K12 located inthe chamber In the modifications shown in Figs. 4; and

5 the goose neck in the connection between the chamber E and the inlet to the jacket is dispensed with, and in lieu thereof a check valve D10 is placed in the pipe D between the condenser and the junction with the pipe D of the by-pass B11.

In the contemplated mode of operation of the apparatus shown in Figs. 4 and 5, the the valve I. 11 will be off its seat and the liquid leaving the jacket will pass wholly or mainly back to the jacket through thc by-pass pipe B11' so long as the temperature i of the liquid leaving the jacket is below that which the apparatus is designed to maintain. When the liquid leaving the jacket rises to the maximum value desired the thermostat K10 expands and seats the valve K11 whereupon the liquid is diverted from the by-pass into the condenser and is thereby reduced in temperature. In Vthis form of my invention the condenser may be operated at all times under a vacuum and the jacket temperature is not dependent on the exact degree of vacuum maintained provided, of course, that it' is suliieient to furnish thev maximum cooling `effect required. advantageously, however, a vacuum relief valve L is provided Which' opens and admits air to the condenserV Whenthe f vacuum therein exceeds the predetermined amount. In normal operationr the valve J ofF1gs.*l, 2 and 3, andthe valve K11 of Figs.

4l and 5, and the valve L, when `the latter. `is employed, will each normally be crackedvv so astopermitl the restrictedvllow past` the valve-required to obtain'the `desired ref julation.4 .Y i 4 L .Specific claims onV the construction illustrated in Figs. 4i and 5 and on the specific methods of operation in which that coni scribed the best forms of my present invenV tion now known to me, it will be apparent to those skilledin thev art that changes may be made in the form. ot my invention Without departing from thespirit of my inven i tion as set forth in the a 3 ended claims and that certain features of my inventionmaf,r

lsometimes be used-to advantage Without a corresponding use of other features.

'Having nonr described my invention, what I claim as new and desire Yto `secure by Letters Patent, is: Y

l. The Vmethod of engine cooling which consists in passing a. cooling liquid `through the engine jacket, reducing theV pressure of the liquid leaving thel jacket and Vthereby converting a portion or the liquid-into vapor, condensing `said vapor', returning the liquid of condensation and the unvaporized portion oit' the liquid to the jacket, and varying the pressure to Which the liquid leaving the jacket is reduced to s thereby regulate the temperature in the jacket.

2. The method ot engine cooling which consists in passing a cooling liquid through the engine jacket, reducing the pressure of the liquid leaving the jacket and thereby converting a portion of the liquid into vapor, condensing the vapor thereby "termed, returning the resultant liquid ot condensation Vand the unvaporized. liquid A,to the jacket, and varying the pressure-to Which vthe liquid 'leavingl the. jacket is reduced in automatic response Vto the temperature of the liquld in the jacket as required to maintainan approximately constant temperature at the jacket outlet.

l3. The method of engine cooling which consists in passing iquid through the enginel jacket,.reducing the pressure of the`liquid leaving the V*jacket and thereby converting a portion of said liquid into vapor, condensing said vapor in a condenser, returning liquid of condensation from the condenser to the jacket, and varying the pressure in the condenser to regulate the temperature in the jacket.

.4. The method ot engine cooling which `passing said vapor and a portion of the liquid not vapor-ized into a condenser, re-

turning liquid `from the condenser to the j aeket,and varying the pressure in the condenser toregulate the temjierature in the jacket. i i

5. The method of engine cooling which consists in passing a cooling liquid through the engine jacket, converting into vapor a portion of the liquid leaving the jacket which portion increases and decreases as the temperature ot the liquid leaving the 'jacket rises and falls at a rate more rapid than the rate otitemperature variation, condensing the vapor termed and returning it and the unvaporized portion ot' the liquid to the jacket.

(i. In an engine cooling system, the combination with the engine jacket, of a condenser, a connection between the jacket and the top of the condenser restricted to eflect an appreciable drop in pressure therein, and

means tor returning Vliquid from the bottom of the'eondenser to the jacket.

7. In an engine cooling system, the combination With the engine jacket, ot a con denser, a connection between the jacket and the condenser restricted to eil'ect an appreciable drop in pressure therein, means 'for returning liquid from the bottom of the condenserto the jacket, and means 'for regulating the pressure in said condenser.

8. In an engine cooling system, the co1nbination with `the Vengine jacket, ot a condenser, a connection between the jacket and the condenser restricted to eiiect an appre- `ciable drop in pressure therein, means for returning liquid from the bottom of the condenser to the jacket, and thermostatc means responsive to the temperature in the jacket for regulating the pressure in said condenser.

9. In an engine cooling system, the cont bination With the engine jacket, ot a condenser, a connection between the jacket and the condenser restricted to eii'ect an appreciable drop in pressure therein, means ior returning liquid 'from the bottom oi the condenser to the acket, means tending' to eliminate air from the condenser and means `tor admitting air to the condenser.

10. In an engine cooling system, the combination with the engine jacket, et a condenser, a connection between the jacket and the condenser restricted to eiteet an appreciable drop in pressure therein, means for returning liquid from the bottom of the condenser to the jacket, means tending to eliminate air from the condenser, and means responsive to the jacket temperature for admitting air to the condenser.

l1. In an engine cooling system, the coinbination With an engine cooling jacket l1aV- ing a top outlet, of a surface condenser co1nprising distributed condensing surfaces, a connection :troni said outlet to the upper portion of the condenser restricted to effect an appreciable pressure drop between the jacket and condenser, and means Within the condenser for diverting liquid away from said condensing surfaces, and means for passing liquid from the bottom of the condenser into said jacket.

12. In an engine cooling system, the combination with an engine jacket having a top outlet, of a surface condenser comprising distributed condensing surfaces, a connection from said outlet to the upper portion of the condenser restricted to effect an appreciable pressure drop in fluid flowing from the jacket to the condenser, ineans Within the condenser for diverting liquid away from the condensing surfaces, a pump for passing liquid from the bottom of the condenser into said jacket, and thermostatic means responsive to the temperature of the liquid in the jacket for regulating the pressure in the condenser.

Signed at N eW York in the county of New York and State of New York this 21st day of July, A. D. 1921.

HARRY C. MALLORY. 

